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How much will I pay in toll fees from Michigan to Baltimore MD?
Route: I-80 E/I-90 E/Ohio turnpike, I-76E, I-70 E
Vehicle: Kia Spectra
The tolls in IN, OH and PA add up to almost $27.70 each way.
IN is $4.70 end to end
OH is $15 end to end
PA is $8 from OH line to Breezewood where I-70 is free to I-695 and Baltimore.
Standard Steel Car Company
1921 advertisement
The Standard Steel Car Company (SSC) was a manufacturer of railroad rolling stock established in Butler, Pennsylvania, USA, in 1902 by John M. Hansen and "Diamond Jim" Brady. The company immediately became one of the largest builders of steel cars in the United States. Pullman, Inc. purchased control of SSC in 1929 and merged it with Pullman Car & Manufacturing in 1934 to form Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company.
History
The overnight success of the Pressed Steel Car Company at the end of the 19th century spurred a flurry of competitors in the suddenly booming market for steel cars. American Car & Foundry predecessor Michigan-Peninsular Car had produced steel frame cars beginning in 1897, American Steel Foundries produced steel cars in 1900, and the Cambria Steel Company opened a car plant at Johnstown, Pennsylvania in 1901. Pressed Steel Car's Chief Designer John M. Hansen and famed salesman "Diamond Jim" Brady left the company in 1901 to found SSC. With financial backing from Andrew Mellon, SSC was incorporated on January 2, 1902, broke ground for its new plant in Butler in April, and produced its first car (Chesapeake & Ohio 23001) in August.
Hansen's carbuilding philosophy was the opposite of Pressed Steel Car founder Charles T. Schoen's. Schoen believed that each part of a car should be cut and shaped (pressed) from sheet steel to minimize weight and the need for assemblies of small parts while maximizing strength. The custom stamping dies and assemblies needed for this work were expensive and uneconomical in small quantities. Hansen preferred to use standard steel shapes that were already widely available from the steel mills at economical cost. SSC's earliest production reflected this: a steel hopper with side posts made from standard channel and angle shapes became the company's signature product, building over 7,500 through 1907.
Expansion was immediate. Capacity was increased first to 60 cars a day, then 125 cars a day in 1903. Production peaked at 29,411 cars in 1907, 2,836 of those built in January of that year. SSC subsidiary Standard Car Truck Company opened at New Castle, Pennsylvania in 1906, and a second SSC plant opened at Hammond, Indiana in 1907. Hansen established a car shop in LaRochelle, France for SSC in 1917, and SSC also controlled a plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. SSC also entered the field of automobile production in 1913 with the Standard Eight, which in 1919 had 83 horsepower (62 kW). Automobile production ended in 1921.
"Diamond Jim" Brady died in 1917, and Hansen retired from the presidency in 1923, succeeded by Colonel James Frank Drake. Hansen stayed on as Chairman of the Board until his death in December 1929. That same month, Pullman Inc. agreed to purchase SSC for 610,000 shares of Pullman stock (worth approximately $51,000,000) and $6,000,000 in cash. SSC continued to operate independently for several years as the Great Depression brought business to an almost literal standstill. Merger with Pullman Car & Manufacturing in 1934 created Pullman-Standard, a second giant car builder to rival American Car & Foundry. Pullman continued to operate at Butler until it exited the railroad car business in 1982, and sold the plant to Trinity Industries in 1984.
Acquisitions
SSC gained control of a number of other car builders during its existence.
Middletown Car Works (Middletown, Pennsylvania) by 1909
South Baltimore Car & Foundry (Baltimore, Maryland) by 1910
Keith Car & Manufacturing (Sagamore, Massachusetts) by 1912
Osgood Bradley Car Company (Worcester, Massachusetts) by 1913
Illinois Car & Manufacturing (Chicago Heights and Hammond, Indiana) by 1928
Richmond Car Works (Richmond, Virginia) by 1928
Siems-Stembel Company (St. Paul, Minnesota) by 1928
Canton Car Company (Canton, Ohio) by 1934
References
Kaminski, Edward S. Pullman-Standard Freight Cars, 1900-1960. Signature Press (2007)
Railroad History #138. The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society (1978)
Neubauer, Eric A. Pullman-Standard Freight Car Production (2002)
White, John H., Jr. The American Railroad Freight Car. The Johns Hopkins University Press (1993)
Middleton, William D., Smerk, George M., Diehl, Roberta L. Encyclopedia of North American Railroads. Indiana University Press (2007)
Categories: Rail vehicle manufacturers | Rolling stock manufacturers | Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
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